Initially designed to support the growth of human leukemic cells in both suspension and monolayer cultures, RPMI 1640 Medium has evolved through modifications by researchers and commercial suppliers to become suitable for a diverse range of mammalian cells. It is exceptionally compatible with cell lines such as HeLa, Jurkat, MCF-7, PC12, PBMC, astrocytes, and carcinomas.
RPMI 1640 Medium stands apart from other cell culture media due to its unique composition. It contains a substantial amount of phosphate, amino acids, and vitamins. Notably, it encompasses biotin, vitamin B12, and PABA, absent in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium. Moreover, RPMI 1640 Medium exhibits significantly elevated concentrations of vitamins inositol and choline. However, it does not contain proteins, lipids, or growth factors. Consequently, supplementation with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is commonly required to provide optimal conditions for cell growth.
The buffering system of RPMI 1640 Medium relies on sodium bicarbonate (2.0 g/L) and necessitates a 5-10% CO2 environment to maintain a physiologically appropriate pH. The inclusion of the reducing agent glutathione further distinguishes this medium from others.
The distinctive formulation of this RPMI includes a concentration of 2.1 mM of stable Glutamine, 2.0 grams per liter of NaHCO3, and is free from phenol red.
Quality Control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing and warming up to +37° C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37° C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium except for the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
Initially designed to support the growth of human leukemic cells in both suspension and monolayer cultures, RPMI 1640 Medium has evolved through modifications by researchers and commercial suppliers to become suitable for a diverse range of mammalian cells. It is exceptionally compatible with cell lines such as HeLa, Jurkat, MCF-7, PC12, PBMC, astrocytes, and carcinomas.
RPMI 1640 Medium stands apart from other cell culture media due to its unique composition. It contains a substantial amount of phosphate, amino acids, and vitamins. Notably, it encompasses biotin, vitamin B12, and PABA, absent in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium. Moreover, RPMI 1640 Medium exhibits significantly elevated concentrations of vitamins inositol and choline. However, it does not contain proteins, lipids, or growth factors. Consequently, supplementation with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is commonly required to provide optimal conditions for cell growth.
The buffering system of RPMI 1640 Medium relies on sodium bicarbonate (2.0 g/L) and necessitates a 5-10% CO2 environment to maintain a physiologically appropriate pH. The inclusion of the reducing agent glutathione further distinguishes this medium from others.
This RPMI 1640 medium contains 4.5 grams per liter of glucose.
Quality control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing and warming up to +37° C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37° C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium except for the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
This EMEM medium consists of 2 mM L-Glutamine, 1.5 g/L NaHCO3, EBSS, 1 mM Sodium pyruvate, and NEAA.
What's in EMEM?
EMEM is a modified version of Eagle's minimum essential medium, containing Earle's Balanced Salt Solution, non-essential amino acids, L-glutamine, sodium pyruvate, and sodium bicarbonate. It's important to note that this reduced level of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, 1.5 g/L) is intended for use in 5% CO2 in the air. To maintain its effectiveness, storing the medium at two °C to 8°C in the dark when not in use is recommended.
What is EMEM used for?
Eagle's minimal essential medium (EMEM) is a cell culture medium that can maintain cells in tissue culture. The medium contains higher concentrations of amino acids, allowing for a more accurate approximation of the protein composition of cultured mammalian cells. EMEM may be used to cultivate various cells, including fibroblasts, human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) cells and human fetal brain progenitor-derived astrocyte cells (PDA). It is typically used in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS), calf, or horse sera.
How is EMEM different from other cell culture media?
While EMEM and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) share some similarities, they also differ. Both media lack protein and contain the amino acids, salts, glucose, and vitamins required to provide a cell with energy and maintain it in tissue culture. However, the DMEM formulation is modified to contain up to four times more vitamins and amino acids and two to four times more glucose than EMEM. It's worth noting that EMEM is also different from the original MEM formulation.
Quality control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing and warming up to +37° C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37° C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium except for the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
Ham's F-12K (Kaighn's) Medium is carefully formulated to optimize cell culture conditions. It features an enriched composition, providing elevated levels of essential components such as amino acids and sodium pyruvate, as well as additional elements including putrescine, thymidine, hypoxanthine, and zinc. These additions enable researchers to supplement the medium with minimal serum or defined components for specific cell types, facilitating precise experimental conditions.
Notably, Ham's F-12K (Kaighn's) Medium does not contain proteins or growth factors. Consequently, supplementation with growth factors and Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is often necessary, allowing researchers to tailor the medium to the requirements of their specific cell lines. For optimal performance, the concentration of FBS must be carefully optimized for each cell line, ensuring optimal growth and functionality.
To maintain physiological pH, Ham's F-12K (Kaighn's) Medium employs a sodium bicarbonate buffer system (2.5 g/L), necessitating a controlled 5-10% CO2 environment during cultivation. This ensures the medium's pH remains within the ideal range for cell growth and viability.
Quality control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing as well as warming up to +37°C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37°C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium but the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
Initially designed to support the growth of human leukemic cells in both suspension and monolayer cultures, RPMI 1640 Medium has evolved through modifications by researchers and commercial suppliers to become suitable for a diverse range of mammalian cells. It is exceptionally compatible with cell lines such as HeLa, Jurkat, MCF-7, PC12, PBMC, astrocytes, and carcinomas.
RPMI 1640 Medium stands apart from other cell culture media due to its unique composition. It contains a substantial amount of phosphate, amino acids, and vitamins. Notably, it encompasses biotin, vitamin B12, and PABA, absent in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium. Moreover, RPMI 1640 Medium exhibits significantly elevated concentrations of vitamins inositol and choline. However, it does not contain proteins, lipids, or growth factors. Consequently, supplementation with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is commonly required to provide optimal conditions for cell growth.
The buffering system of RPMI 1640 Medium relies on sodium bicarbonate (2.0 g/L) and necessitates a 5-10% CO2 environment to maintain a physiologically appropriate pH. The inclusion of the reducing agent glutathione further distinguishes this medium from others.
The unique composition of this RPMI formulation comprises 2.1 mM of stable Glutamine, 2.0 grams per liter of NaHCO3, and phenol red.
Quality control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing and warming up to +37° C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37° C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium except for the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
This EMEM medium is formulated with 2 mM L-Glutamine, 2.2 g/L NaHCO3, and EBSS.
What's in EMEM?
EMEM is a modified version of Eagle's minimum essential medium, containing Earle's Balanced Salt Solution, non-essential amino acids, L-glutamine, sodium pyruvate, and sodium bicarbonate. It's important to note that this reduced level of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, 1.5 g/L) is intended for use in 5% CO2 in the air. To maintain its effectiveness, storing the medium at two °C to 8°C in the dark when not in use is recommended.
What is EMEM used for?
Eagle's minimal essential medium (EMEM) is a cell culture medium that can maintain cells in tissue culture. The medium contains higher concentrations of amino acids, allowing for a more accurate approximation of the protein composition of cultured mammalian cells. EMEM may be used to cultivate various cells, including fibroblasts, human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) cells and human fetal brain progenitor-derived astrocyte cells (PDA). It is typically used in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS), calf, or horse sera.
How is EMEM different from other cell culture media?
While EMEM and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) share some similarities, they also differ. Both media lack protein and contain the amino acids, salts, glucose, and vitamins required to provide a cell with energy and maintain it in tissue culture. However, the DMEM formulation is modified to contain up to four times more vitamins and amino acids and two to four times more glucose than EMEM. It's worth noting that EMEM is also different from the original MEM formulation.
Quality control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing and warming up to +37° C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37° C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium except for the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
Composition
Ingredients
Concentration (mg/L)
Inorganic salts
CaCl2 ∙ 2 H2O
264.92
KCl
400.00
Mg SO4
97.67
NaCl
6800.00
NaHCO3
2200.00
NaH2PO4 ∙ H2O
140.00
Amino acids
L-Arginine ∙ HCl
126.00
L-Cystine
24.00
L-Histidine ∙ HCl ∙ H2O
42.00
L-Isoleucine
52.00
L-Leucine
52.00
L-Lysine ∙ HCl
72.50
L-Methionine
15.00
L-Phenylalanine
32.00
L-Threonine
48.00
L-Tryptophane
10.00
L-Tyrosine
36.00
L-Valine
46.00
Vitamins
Choline chloride
1.00
Folic acid
1.00
myo-Inositol
2.00
Thiamine ∙ H2O
1.00
Riboflavin
0.10
D-Calcium Pantothenate
1.00
Nicotinamide
1.00
Pyridoxal ∙ H2O
1.00
Other components
D(+)-Glucose
1000.00
L-Glutamine
292.00
Phenol Red
10.00
This unique formulation combines Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and Ham's F-12 (Ham's Nutrient Mixture F-12) in a precise 1:1 ratio. The addition of L-glutamine further enhances its composition.
DMEM, derived from Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium (EMEM), offers an increased concentration of amino acids and vitamins compared to its predecessor. In contrast, Ham's F-12 is based on Ham's F-10 medium, providing a complementary set of essential components.
To support optimal cell growth, it is common practice to supplement DMEM:Ham's F12 with FBS at a typical concentration of 5-10%. This addition is necessary as the medium lacks growth hormones, lipids, and proteins crucial for cellular development.
DMEM:Ham's F12 incorporates a pH buffer system and is often supplemented with phenol red, a pH indicator. Cultured cells in DMEM:Ham's F12, or any medium utilizing the bicarbonate buffer system, require a controlled CO2 environment of 5-10% to maintain appropriate pH levels. Phenol red enables monitoring of pH changes from 6.2 (yellow) to 8.2 (red).
Quality Control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing as well as warming up to +37°C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37°C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium except for the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
One prominent application of McCoy's 5A Medium is its utilization in the culturing of human colon carcinoma cell lines. Specifically, it has been employed in the study of the leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor (LGR5) and its role in the metastasis of colon cancer. This medium has been effectively employed in the cultivation of several colon carcinoma cell lines, including HCT116, RKO, FET, CBS, HCT116b, and TENN, enabling researchers to delve deeper into the mechanisms underlying colon cancer metastasis.
In addition to its application in cancer research, McCoy's 5A Medium has proven to be indispensable in the study of osteoblasts. Researchers investigating the ion reactivity of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite in standard cell culture media have utilized this medium to culture osteoblasts. This application has facilitated a better understanding of the interactions between osteoblasts and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite, contributing to advancements in the field of bone research.
Notably, McCoy's 5A Medium was meticulously formulated by modifying the amino acids found in Basal Medium Eagle to provide optimal support for liver tumor cells. This enriched formulation enables its suitability for a diverse range of established cell lines, as well as primary cells, further enhancing its versatility and applicability in various research settings.
Moreover, McCoy's 5A Medium extends its biochemical and physiological effects beyond liver tumor cells. It has been successfully employed to support growth in primary cultures of bone marrow, skin, gingiva, kidney, omentum, adrenal, lung, spleen, rat embryo, and other cell types. This wide range of applications attests to the broad utility of McCoy's 5A Medium in supporting the growth and maintenance of various cell types for comprehensive biological research.
Formulation
This McCoy's 5A medium (modified) contains 3.0 g/L of Glucose, stable Glutamine, 2.0 mM of Sodium pyruvate, and 2.2 g/L of NaHCO3.
Quality control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing and warming up to +37° C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37° C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium except for the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
Medium 199 offers a range of applications in the field. It can effectively maintain the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) and support the in vitro maturation of oocytes. Additionally, it is employed in the rinsing of aspiration lines during ovum collection from German Holstein cows. Moreover, Medium 199 serves as an excellent medium for the culture of cardiac endothelial cells derived from rats. These applications demonstrate the versatility and adaptability of Medium 199 to various experimental needs.
History
The development of Medium 199 in the 1950s marked a significant advancement in tissue culture media. Prior to its introduction, many culture media relied on animal-derived products and tissue extracts. However, Morgan and colleagues revolutionized the field by formulating a completely defined nutritional source for cell cultures. Through their experiments involving different combinations of vitamins, amino acids, and other factors, they discovered the exceptional growth-promoting properties of Medium 199.
Quality control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing and warming up to +37° C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37° C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium except for the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
IMDM is well suited for rapidly proliferating, high-density cell cultures, including Jurkat, COS-7, and macrophage cells. The various modifications of IMDM available for a range of cell culture applications can be found using the media selector tool. Liquid media provide essential nutrients for all cell culture applications. Each of our high-quality cell culture media is manufactured according to the initially published formula or modifications necessary to the consistent performance and stability of the culture medium.
IMDM vs. DMEM
IMDM contains potassium nitrate instead of ferric nitrate and HEPES and sodium pyruvate. The additional components in IMDM make it more suitable for specialized cell types and specific applications than DMEM.
IMDM vs. RPMI
IMDM and RPMI have different formulations that may be relevant for PMA/ionomycin stimulation. One significant difference is the concentration of Ca2+. While RPMI contains 0.42 mM Ca2+, IMDM contains 1.49 mM.
Quality control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing and warming up to +37° C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37° C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium except for the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
One of its notable advantages is the ability to support cell growth without the need for serum supplementation. This eliminates potential interference caused by serum components, ensuring consistent and reliable experimental results. By providing a serum-free culture environment, Ham's F-12 Medium offers researchers greater control over their investigations.
Another key feature of Ham's F-12 Medium is its suitability for single-cell plating. This makes it an excellent choice for a variety of cell lines, including CHO cells, lung cells, and mouse L cells. The medium's optimized nutrient composition facilitates efficient attachment and growth of individual cells, enabling the establishment of homogeneous cell cultures with improved reproducibility.
Moreover, Ham's F-12 Medium has gained recognition as the preferred medium for the Clonal Toxicity Assay (CTA). This assay plays a critical role in assessing the cytotoxic effects of substances on cells. By utilizing Ham's F-12 Medium in the CTA, researchers can accurately evaluate the impact of various compounds or treatments on individual cells, providing valuable insights into toxicological profiles.
Quality control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing and warming up to +37° C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37° C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium except for the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
What sets DMEM apart from other media is its unique composition. It contains an impressive fourfold increase in amino acid and vitamin concentration compared to the original Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium. Initially developed with low glucose (1 g/L) and sodium pyruvate, DMEM is frequently employed with higher glucose levels, either with or without sodium pyruvate. Notably, DMEM does not contain proteins, lipids, or growth factors, necessitating supplementation. To achieve optimal growth, a common approach is to supplement DMEM with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). Additionally, DMEM employs a sodium bicarbonate buffer system (3.7 g/L), requiring a 5-10% CO2 environment to maintain a physiological pH.
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) is highly regarded among defined media for cell and tissue culture, catering to the growth needs of various adherent cell phenotypes. It surpasses the original Eagle's Medium, developed in the 1950s for cultivating chicken cells, through the enhanced supplementary formulation known as Dulbecco's modification. This modification significantly elevates the content of select amino acids and vitamins up to fourfold compared to the original medium.
In the field of cell culture, DMEM plays a vital role as a growth medium for different cell types, including primary cells, stem cells, and transformed cells. Researchers also employ the modified version of DMEM for a wide array of research applications, such as drug discovery, tissue engineering, and the study of cell signaling pathways.
Quality control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing and warming up to +37° C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37° C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium except for the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
Composition
Ingredients
Concentration (mg/L)
Inorganic salts
CaCl2 anhydrous
200.00
Fe(NO3)3 ∙ 9H2O
0.10
KCl
400.00
MgSO4 (anhydrous)
97.66
NaCl
6,400.00
NaHCO3
1,500.00
NaH2PO4 ∙ H2O
108.69
Amino acids
L-Arginine ∙ HCl
84.00
L-Cystine ∙ 2HCl
62.58
L-Glutamine
584.00
Glycine
30.00
L-Histidine ∙ HCl ∙ H2O
42.00
L-Isoleucine
104.80
L-Leucine
104.80
L-Lysine ∙ HCl
146.20
L-Methionine
30.00
L-Phenylalanine
66.00
L-Serine
42.00
L-Threonine
95.20
L-Tryptophane
16.00
L-Tyrosine ∙ Na
103.79
L-Valine
93.60
Vitamins
D-Calcium pantothenate
4.00
Choline chloride
4.00
Folic acid
4.00
myo-Inositol
7.00
Nicotinamide
4.00
Pyridoxine ∙ HCl
4.00
Riboflavin
0.40
Thiamine ∙ HCl
4.00
Other components
D (+)-Glucose anhydrous
4,500.00
Sodium pyruvate
110.00
Phenol Red
15.00